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… The management of that operation must serve to remedy a territory’s structural socioeconomic problems by creating, for example, jobs where the unemployment rate is higher than the EU average, by helping bring about innovation in sectors undergoing restructuring or by contributing to the of the in particularly damaged areas. …

… for the public body or the firm, since the existence of such an is a constituent element of a substantial modification. (2) The principle of compatibility of the operation with European Union law, laid down in Article 12 of Regulation No 1260/1999, implies that the final beneficiary of the funds, acting as a contracting authority, must comply with the obligation of transparency and with the attendant obligations of advertising and competitive when awarding a concession for the …

… which necessarily include the carrying out of the works and the arrangements for the implementation and management of that operation; - ‘modification’ of the operation covers all modifications that an operation may undergo in the course of its implementation, whether physical, technical, financial or functional in nature; and - the national control authority is not required to establish whether the operation has undergone a substantial modification in order to determine whether there is an undue …

… As has been pointed out, the connection chosen in matters of employment contracts is a connection of proximity, since the Rome Convention seeks to determine the country with which the employment contract is most closely connected. (17) The objective is not systematically to favour the employee, but rather to him by making applicable to him the mandatory rules of the law which reflects the most significant connection, that is to say, that of the social in which his employment relationship …

… proximity, favours of the country with which the employment contract is most closely connected and (ii) the need for legal certainty, which involves designating the criteria on the basis of which it is possible to determine the law applicable to the contract in the absence of choice. 33. …

… Accordingly, in the event that the parties have expressed a choice as to the law applicable to the employment contract, it will be for the court to ensure that that law does not deprive the employee of the legal which would be afforded him by the mandatory rules of the law with which the employment contract is most proximate, the law which could be described as ‘objectively’ applicable. 28. …

… The second part, alleging the absence of of the tax obtained by the applicant for investments for the of the which, until 31 December 1990, fell within the scope of both Paragraph 3 of the ZRFG and Article 7(d) of the EStG, and a failure to state reasons - The first complaint, alleging a failure to state reasons - The second complaint, alleging the absence of of a part of the disputed The sixth plea, alleging an error of assessment …

… to the of the and the specific part that the of the represented in the overall amount of each of those investments. 121 However, as the Commission rightly observes, the Federal Republic of Germany did not, in the course of the administrative proceedings, argue that the coexistence of the scheme established by Paragraph 3 of the ZRFG and that established by Article 7(d) of the EStG was such as to eliminate the of a part of the disputed …

… out in Article 4(c) CS, insofar as it allegedly has the aim of the . …

… They may, in particular, be intended to favour on-site vocational training, the employment of people experiencing particular difficulty in achieving integration, the fight against unemployment or the of the . …

… As a result, it is appropriate to allow the application of two award criteria only: “the lowest price” and “the most economically tender”. …

… This Directive therefore clarifies how the contracting authorities may contribute to the of the and the promotion of sustainable development, whilst ensuring the possibility of obtaining the best value for money for their contracts. … (29) The technical specifications drawn up by public purchasers need to allow public procurement to be opened up to competition. To this end, it must be possible to submit tenders which reflect the diversity of technical solutions. …

… Conditions of application of Article 87(1) EC The criteria governing the nature of the 45 By its first plea in law, the applicant complains that the Commission, in essence, misconstrued the concept of aid, particularly the criteria of and of for the purposes of Article 87(1) EC, and that it erred in its application of that concept. 46 As regards the criterion of an , it has been recognised in settled case-law that the definition of aid is more general …

… nature of any generated by the AGL. …

… in the light of the objective pursued by the measure in question (Adria-Wien Pipeline, cited in paragraph 35 above, paragraph 41). 63 As the parties unanimously acknowledged, including at the hearing, the principal objective underpinning the AGL is the of the , although that is not immediately apparent from the wording of the AGL. 64 That objective essentially entails the promotion in the construction industry of the use of aggregates which are the by-products of or waste from …

… JUDGMENT OF THE COURT (Third Chamber) 8 September 2011 (*) (Appeal - State aid - Article 87(1) EC - Emission trading scheme for nitrogen oxides - Classification of the national measure as State aid - Decision declaring aid to be compatible with the common market - Concept of - financed through State resources - of the - Obligation to state the reasons for decision - Admissibility) In Case C-279/08 P, APPEAL under Article 56 of the Statute of the Court …

… That Member State considers that the objective of the scheme in question is to the and takes into account the specific characteristics of the major polluters in order to attain it. …

… In addition, for the reasons set out in paragraphs 59 to 79 above, the Court upheld the second ground of appeal put forward by the Commission which was intended to call into question the General Court’s analysis in relation to the character of the mentioned above. …

… as . …

… If that scheme grants an to the undertakings which participate therein, in spite of the burdens which it entails, that is in nature since it favours only a limited number, albeit substantial and determined on the basis of objective criteria, of undertakings which emit NOx in the Netherlands. 45. A large number of previous cases confirm the forgoing analysis. (27) 46. …

… The proof that undertakings not subject to the measure in question can be fined if they exceed the emission ceilings may be necessary in order to regard the of being able to avoid such a fine as , since in the absence of that proof the situation of those undertakings will not logically be comparable, in relation to that , to that of the undertakings subject to that measure. …

… First, the EEA awarded maximum points to the only company which had submitted a certificate that was regarded as being relevant, without analysing the real contribution of the company to the of the . Secondly, it wrongly classified as ‘intentions on the subject’ an environmental policy which the applicant actually follows and the real contribution of which to the of the it explained. …

… When signing specific agreements for performing tasks under the framework contracts, the agreement will first be offered to the company offering the most offer within that particular area of expertise. Competence in both and award criteria must be maintained throughout the contract. …

… It also contains the details of the scores allocated to the applicant and to the successful tenderers and the comments for each area of expertise and each criterion. 128 The conclusion must therefore be drawn that, on the basis of all that information, the applicant would have been able immediately to identify the characteristics and relative of the tenders . …

… The nature of the tax legislation at issue in the main proceedings 59 According to the Region of Sardinia, the difference in treatment as between resident undertakings and non-resident undertakings does not constitute a . …

… grounds as expressly referred to in Article 46(1) EC. 41 In particular, justification for that tax is said to be found in a new regional policy for the of the and countryside of Sardinia. …

… confers an only in the part of the national territory in which the measure applies (see Portugal v Commission, paragraphs 53 and 57, and Joined Cases C-428/06 to C-434/06 UGT-Rioja and Others [2008] ECR I-6747, paragraphs 47 and 48). 61 However, it also follows from that case-law that, in order to determine whether a measure is , where it is adopted by an infra-State body which enjoys autonomy vis-à-vis the central government of the kind enjoyed by the Region of Sardinia, it is …

… of human health and the , on the other.’ …

… The purpose of this Regulation is to ensure a high level of of human health and the , including the promotion of alternative methods for assessment of hazards of substances, as well as the free circulation of substances on the internal market while enhancing competitiveness and innovation. … 3. …

… of human health and the and the free movement of substances while enhancing competitiveness and innovation. 36 The obligation to register monomer substances is designed to human health and the since those substances have inherent characteristics liable to have an adverse effect on them. 37 The objective of free movement of substances in the internal market while enhancing competitiveness and innovation is liable, not to call into question the definition of ‘monomer …