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… Member States shall, in accordance with this Article, lay down rules applicable to for bringing actions for damages. Those rules shall determine when the begins to run, the duration thereof and the circumstances under which it is or suspended. 2. …

… of and were observed, that latter requiring that the rules applicable to actions for safeguarding rights which individuals derive from the direct effect of EU law do not make it in practice impossible or excessively difficult to exercise rights conferred by EU law (judgment of 18 April 2024, Heureka Group (Online price comparison services), C-605/21, EU:C:2024:324, paragraph 51 and the case-law cited). 49 In that regard, it follows from that principle that, even …

… cannot begin to run before that decision has become final. 68 It must be made clear that, in the present case, that interpretation is not invalidated either by the detailed rules for the suspension and/or of the or by those concerning the staying of the proceedings before the court hearing an action for damages, as those rules appear in the documents before the Court. 69 First, as regards the possible suspension of the , it is not apparent from …

… The change in the legal situation, namely the entry into force of the GDPR, did not result in an of the . Since a complaint under Article 77 of the GDPR is also to be rejected if it is lodged out of time, the rejection of GS’ complaint was, according to the Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Federal Administrative Court), the correct decision. 26. …

… of ); nor must they render practically impossible or excessively difficult the exercise of rights conferred by EU law ( of ). (27) Thus, the Court has also pointed out that the Member States must ensure that the practical arrangements for the exercise of the remedies provided for in Article 77(1), Article 78(1) and Article 79(1) of that regulation effectively meet the requirements arising from the right to an effective remedy enshrined in Article 47 of the Charter …

… However, that court held that the one-year set out in Paragraph 24(4) of the Austrian Law on data protection had expired. In so far as GS was aware of the publication of her personal data by D on 3 July 2017 and since no further material facts had been alleged in the subsequent course of the proceedings, the right to have her complaint dealt with on the basis of Article 77 of the GDPR had already expired by the time GS lodged it, on 26 July 2018. …

… According to Article 10 of that directive, entitled ‘ ’: ‘1. Member States shall, in accordance with this Article, lay down rules applicable to for bringing actions for damages. Those rules shall determine when the begins to run, the duration thereof and the circumstances under which it is or suspended. 2. …

… More specifically, in the absence of EU rules governing the matter, before the entry into force of Directive 2014/104, ‘it is for the domestic legal system of each Member State to lay down the detailed rules governing the exercise of the right to claim compensation for the harm resulting from an agreement or practice prohibited under Article 101 TFEU, provided that the of and are observed’. (20) 38. …

… It follows from the Court’s case-law that ‘if the , which starts to run before the completion of the proceedings following which a final decision is made by the [NCA] or by a review court, is too short in relation to the duration of these proceedings and cannot be suspended or during the course of such proceedings, it is not inconceivable that that may expire even before those proceedings are completed. …

… declaration of a claim the until the proceedings have concluded. …

… Those decisions have the force of res judicata at national level, with the result that the of , and legal certainty preclude such decisions from being challenged on the basis of EU law. 120 The Commission contends that this part of the ground of appeal is inadmissible in so far as CEVA does not specify the paragraphs of the judgment under appeal to which it refers. …

… According to CEVA, it follows that the declaration of claim made by the Commission in the context of that procedure could not the , since, on the date of that declaration, that had expired. 78 In addition, CEVA submits that by finding that the had been by a summons to appear before the French criminal courts issued in respect of CEVA, the General Court erred in law inasmuch as ‘Belgian law does not provide for either the …

… provisions of EU law, it must, at the very least, conform to the of and . 81. …

… Article 28 of Law No 689/81, entitled ‘ ’, provides as follows: ‘The right to recover sums owed on account of infringements and offences referred to in this law shall be time-barred five years after the date on which the infringement or offence was committed. of the shall be governed by the provisions of the Civil Code.’ 2. The rules on consumer protection (a) The Consumer Code 29. …

… Given the extent of these preliminary activities, it seems to me, as it does to the Commission, that in many cases it would be extremely difficult, if not impossible, for the AGCM to carry out these activities within a of just 90 days. The fact that the national rules do not allow for that to be or extended makes it even more difficult to take the necessary measures within the time set. 107. …

… the claim has arisen and becomes enforceable, and once the holder of the claim is, or could reasonably be, aware of the circumstances giving rise to the claim and the person against whom it may be brought.’ 7 Under Article 121-11 of that code: ‘The following shall constitute grounds for the : (a) the bringing of the action before the courts, even if it is dismissed on the basis of a procedural defect; (b) the initiation of arbitration proceedings relating to the claim …

… of such a finding subject to a limitation period, provided that the of and are observed (see, to that effect, judgment of 10 June 2021, BNP Paribas Personal Finance, C-776/19 to C-782/19, EU:C:2021:470, paragraph 39 and the case-law cited). 27 Accordingly, it should be held that the application of a limitation period to claims for restitution brought by consumers in order to enforce rights which they derive from Directive 93/13 is not, in itself, contrary to …

… Spanish law 5 Article 121-20 of Ley 29/2002, primera Ley del Código Civil de Cataluña (Law No 29/2002, First Law of the Civil Code of Catalonia) of 30 December 2002 (BOE No 32 of 6 February 2003; ‘the Catalan Civil Code’) provides: ‘Claims of any nature become time-barred after 10 years, unless someone has previously acquired rights by usucaption or this Code or specific legislation provides otherwise.’ 6 Article 121-23(1) of the Catalan Civil Code provides: ‘The begins to run once …

… This Article is without prejudice to the rights and obligations of national courts under Article 267 TFEU.’ 6 Article 10 of that directive, entitled ‘ ’, states: ‘1. Member States shall, in accordance with this Article, lay down rules applicable to for bringing actions for damages. Those rules shall determine when the begins to run, the duration thereof and the circumstances under which it is or suspended. 2. …

… of and were observed, that latter requiring that the rules applicable to actions for safeguarding rights which individuals derive from the direct effect of EU law do not make it in practice impossible or excessively difficult to exercise rights conferred by EU law (see, to that effect, judgments of 28 March 2019, Cogeco Communications, C-637/17, EU:C:2019:263, paragraphs 42 and 43, and of 22 June 2022, Volvo and DAF Trucks, C-267/20, EU:C:2022:494, paragraph 50 …

… Member States shall ensure that a is suspended or, depending on national law, , if a competition authority takes action for the purpose of the investigation or its proceedings in respect of an infringement of competition law to which the action for damages relates. …

… (4) Is a practice of a Member State compatible with the of , and fiscal neutrality where, pursuant to that practice, a claim submitted after the expiry of the is declared time-barred without examining whether admissible circumstances exist which may have suspended or the , especially in view of the fact that the first claim was submitted by the applicant in 2014, and also that, even though during the limitation period …

… It follows from the answer to the second question, set out in paragraph 42 above, that the of , and fiscal neutrality preclude such a claim from being classified as a new claim and, consequently, from being time-barred. …

… (3) Having regard to the of , and fiscal neutrality[,] should a subsequent claim submitted in the context of an administrative procedure relating to tax, on the basis of the case-law established by the courts, be regarded as constituting a supplement to the first claim, which gave rise to the procedure being initiated, or as a modification of that first claim, where the two claims only differ as regards the interest payment ? …

… . …’ 14 Article 116 of the ZZD states: ‘The stops running: (a) when the debtor recognises the debt; (b) by the bringing of an action or the lodging of an objection or a request for conciliation; if the action, objection or request for conciliation is not granted, the is deemed to have not been suspended; (c) by adopting enforcement proceedings. …’ 15 Article 117 of the ZZD is worded as follows: ‘From the of the , a new limitation period …

… of and (see, to that effect, order of 3 March 2021, FGSZ, C-507/20, EU:C:2021:157, paragraph 23 and the case-law cited). 50 With regard to, more specifically, the principle of effectiveness, it may be deduced from the case-law of the Court that a limitation period which began to run from the date of issue of the initial invoices and expired, for certain transactions, before the application for set off was submitted cannot validly preclude the exercise of the right to reduce …

… of and (see, by analogy, judgment of 13 October 2022, HUMDA, C-397/21, EU:C:2022:790, paragraph 45). 86 Accordingly, it is for the referring court to determine, in the light of those principles and all the particular circumstances of the dispute before it, whether, in the present case, it is necessary to pay a refund arising from the reduction in the taxable amount of VAT and, in so far as it finds that that refund was not paid within a reasonable period of time, the point …

… In that regard, the referring court states, first, that, unlike the five-year laid down by the Spanish Civil Code, the is extended to 10 years within the territorial scope of the Catalan Civil Code and, second, that the bringing of an action is favoured in the national legal system, in so far as a mere out-of-court claim constitutes a ground for of the and causes the entire period to start running afresh. 38 In those circumstances …

… has previously held that Article 6(1) and Article 7(1) of that directive do not preclude national legislation which, while providing that an action for a declaration of nullity of an unfair term in a contract concluded between a seller or supplier and a consumer is not subject to a time limit, subjects the action to enforce the restitutory of that finding to a limitation period, provided that the of and are observed (judgment of 10 June 2021, BNP Paribas …

… once the claim has arisen and becomes enforceable, and once the holder of the claim is, or could reasonably be, aware of the circumstances giving rise to the claim and the person against whom it may be brought.’ 8 Under Article 121-11 of that code: ‘The following shall constitute grounds for the : (a) the bringing of the action before the courts, even if it is dismissed on the basis of a procedural defect; (b) the initiation of arbitration proceedings relating to the …