… Turkey, no. 25165/94, § 88, 31 May 2005), considers that these complaints fall to be examined under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention which reads as follows:
Article 6 § 1
“In the determination of ... any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair ... hearing ... by an
independent
and
impartial
tribunal
established
by
law
.”
7. The relevant principles of the Court’s case-law concerning the requirement of impartiality under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention can be found in Karelin v. …