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… Before this Court they complained under Article 6 of the Convention that the jurisdictional organs of the Chamber were not and by . …

… He relied on Article 6 § 1 of the Convention, which reads as follows: “In the determination of his civil rights and obligations ... everyone is entitled to a fair ... hearing ... by an and by .” Admissibility Applicability ratione materiae (a) The parties’ submissions 36. The Government argued that Article 6 § 1 of the Convention could not create, by way of interpretation, a substantive civil right which had no basis in the State concerned. …

… The applicant had not complained that he had been denied access to an “ and by ” within the meaning of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention. …

… In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair ... hearing ... by an and by ... 2. Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law. 3. Everyone charged with a criminal offence has the following minimum rights: ... …

… The obligation to suspend the application of the Polish provisions prohibiting national courts from verifying compliance with the requirements of the European Union relating to an independent and impartial tribunal previously established by law Arguments 45 The Republic of Poland argues that Polish law allows the right to an and by to be safeguarded at various stages of cases and in different procedures. …

… Article 6 § 1, in so far as relevant, reads as follows: “In the determination of his civil rights and obligations ... everyone is entitled to a fair ... hearing within a reasonable time ... by an and by .” 78. The Government submitted that the complaints were inadmissible. …

… and by • De facto Abkhaz courts could not qualify as a “tribunal established by law” • No real opportunity to organise defence and effectively benefit from the assistance of a lawyer throughout proceedings STRASBOURG 7 March 2023 This judgment will become final in the circumstances set out in Article 44 § 2 of the Convention. …

… medical treatment Art 5 § 1 (a) and (c) • Unlawful arrest and detention • No information as to applicable laws and scarcity of official sources of information concerning legal and court system in Abkhazia • Court not in a position to verify whether de facto Abkhaz authorities and courts fulfilled Art 5 requirements • No basis for assuming existence of system in the region reflecting a judicial tradition compatible with the Convention Art 6 § 1 (criminal) and 6 § 3 (c) • Lack of fair hearing by an …

… They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article 6 § 1 of the Convention, which, insofar as relevant, reads as follows: “In the determination of ... any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair ... hearing ... by an and by .” 7. The relevant principles of the Court’s case-law concerning the requirement of impartiality under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention can be found in Karelin v. …

… and by ’. 6 Judgment of 23 November 2021 (C-564/19, EU:C:2021:949, paragraph 121). 7 ECtHR, 12 May 2017, Simeonovi v. …

… mentioned by the referring court, that the concept of ‘suspect’ is not recognised in Bulgarian law is not such as to raise doubts in that regard, since it is undoubtedly an autonomous concept of EU law, which does not depend, by definition, on national classifications. 5 According to the first sentence of Article 6(1) ECHR: ‘in the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an …

… In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and by . ...” Admissibility 113. The parties did not dispute that Article 6 of the Convention was applicable. …

… She relied on Article 6 § 1 of the Convention, which reads as follows: “In the determination of ... any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair ... hearing ... by an and by .” 7. The relevant principles of the Court’s case-law concerning the requirement of impartiality under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention can be found in the leading case of Karelin v. Russia (no. 926/08, §§ 51-57, 20 September 2016, with further references). …