… Several conventions directly or indirectly regulate the application of the principle of ne bis in idem internationally and at the European level. (9) Amongst these, Article 4 of Protocol No 7 to the European
Convention
for the
Protection
of
Human
Rights
and Fundamental Freedoms (‘ECHR’) deals specifically with the principle of ne bis in idem.
14. …
… Second, the Court relied on the ‘pro-free movement’ and ‘
mutual
trust
’ reasoning adopted in Gözütok and Brügge. …