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… (EU) / of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (OJ 2016 L 119, p. 1). 17 See, to that effect, judgment of 2 October 2018, Ministerio Fiscal (C-207/16, EU:C:2018:788, paragraph 51). 18 Personal data that are collected and further processed in the context of antitrust investigations …

… 698/15, EU:C:2016:970, paragraph 129). 14 See, to that effect, judgments of 24 November 2011, Asociación Nacional de Establecimientos Financieros de Crédito (C-468/10 and C-469/10, EU:C:2011:777, paragraph 41), and of 27 February 2025, Dun & Bradstreet Austria and Others (C-203/22, EU:C:2025:117, paragraph 51 and the case-law cited). 15 See, to that effect, judgment of 18 June 2020, Commission v Hungary (Transparency of associations) (C-78/18, EU:C:2020:476, paragraph 126). 16 See Article 4(2) of …

… The question referred for a preliminary ruling which is the subject of this targeted Opinion, in accordance with the Court’s request, concerns the interpretation of Article 5(1)(e) of (EU) /. (2) The Court is asked, in essence, to consider the question of whether and to what extent personal data produced as evidence in national judicial proceedings, which were obtained by recourse to other personal data initially collected or retained in breach of the principle of storage limitation …

… In the light of the foregoing considerations, I propose that the Court should answer part (b) of the third question referred by the Landesarbeitsgericht Niedersachsen (Higher Labour Court, Lower Saxony, Germany) for a preliminary ruling.as follows: Article 5(1)(e) of (EU) / of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive …

… to the processing of data, a case-by-case balancing of the interests involved if that is necessary in order to process personal data in a manner consistent with /. (5) Article 10 of / must be interpreted as meaning that it may apply to the processing of personal data relating to convictions or offences under national anti-doping regulations, where, irrespective of the classification of those offences under national law, the convictions which they involve have …

… convictions and offences or related security measures to be subject to judicial review. (7) Article 77 of / must be interpreted as meaning that: - a complaint based on Article 17 of / (alleged infringement of the right to erasure) is inadmissible where it concerns the processing by means of publication of the data subject’s personal data which, even if imminent, did not exist either at the time the complaint was lodged by that data subject with the supervisory …

… It is a question of reconciling, on the one hand, the requirements of ethical sport, which, in the present case, would involve the online publication of the names of athletes who have had sanctions imposed on them for infringements of anti-doping rules and, on the other hand, the protection of the personal data of those athletes, arising from (EU) / (6) (‘the GDPR’). 4. …

… (EU) / of the European Parliament and of the Council[ (14)] and of Directive 96/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council[; (15)] (c) the provisions of Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 regarding jurisdiction; (d) the provisions of Regulation (EC) No 4/2009 regarding jurisdiction. 2. …

… Articles 29, 30 and 31 of Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council[, (8)] Article 19 of Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003[ (9)] or Articles 12 and 13 of Council Regulation (EC) No 4/2009[, (10)] the following acts or provisions shall apply: (a) the provisions regarding jurisdiction of Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012; (b) the provisions regarding jurisdiction of Regulation (EU) 2017/1001[ (11)], of Regulation (EC) No 6/2002[ (12)], of Regulation (EC) No 2100/94[ (13)], of …

… KG v TC (Request for a preliminary ruling from the Amtsgericht Arnsberg (Local Court, Arnsberg, Germany)) (Reference for a preliminary ruling - (EU) / - Protection of personal data - Request for access, by the data subject, to personal data concerning him or her - Right of the controller to refuse to act on the request - Excessive character of the request - Abuse of rights - Right to compensation - Event giving rise to the damage) I. Introduction 1. …

… The present case concerns a specific expression of that principle in secondary law and, more specifically, in the context of the private enforcement of (EU) / (4) (‘the GDPR’). The Court is asked to specify, inter alia, the limits to the exercise of the right of access and the right to compensation that a data subject invokes, in an allegedly abusive manner, against the controller, a company governed by private law. II. European Union law: the GDPR 4. …

… 95/46/EC, must be interpreted as meaning that: - an initial access request, made under Article 15 of / to a controller, can be characterised as ‘excessive’ when the controller demonstrates, taking into account all the relevant circumstances of the case, an abusive intention on the part of the data subject, which may be established when that person has consented to the processing of his or her personal data to be able to submit that access request and then claim compensation; - …

… Bulgaria (§ 18 and the case-law cited). 80 See, by analogy, judgment of 21 January 2021, Whiteland Import Export (C-308/19, EU:C:2021:47, paragraph 58 and the case-law cited). 81 I note that, in (EU) / of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (OJ 2016 L 119, p. 1), Article …

… Article 82(1) of / must be interpreted as precluding the degree of fault on the part of the controller from being taken into account for the purpose of assessing the compensation for non-material damage payable under that article. 4. …

… Provisional text JUDGMENT OF THE COURT (Fourth Chamber) 4 September 2025 (*) (Reference for a preliminary ruling - Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data - (EU) / - Rights of the data subject - Article 17 - Right to erasure of data - Article 18 - Right to restriction of processing - Article 79 - Right to an effective judicial remedy - Unlawful processing of personal data - Action seeking an order requiring the controller to refrain from any …

… Heller, acting as Agents, after hearing the Opinion of the Advocate General at the sitting on 20 March 2025, gives the following Judgment 1 This request for a preliminary ruling concerns the interpretation of Articles 17, 18, 79, 82 and 84 of (EU) / of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data …

… The present request for a preliminary ruling concerns the interpretation of Article 77(1) and Article 79(1) of (EU) / of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). (2) 2. …

… G S Other party: Bundesministerin für Justiz, D GmbH (Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgerichtshof (Supreme Administrative Court, Austria)) (Reference for a preliminary ruling - Protection of personal data - (EU) / - Articles 77 and 79 - Remedies - Parallel exercise - Relationship between an administrative complaint and a judicial remedy - Procedural autonomy of the Member States - Principle of effectiveness) I. Introduction 1. …

… In the light of all of the foregoing considerations, I propose that the Court should answer the questions for a preliminary ruling referred by the Verwaltungsgerichtshof (Supreme Administrative Court, Austria) as follows: Article 77(1) and Article 79(1) of (EU) / of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC …

… homogeneously, in particular because the scheme of this Regulation should be understood as equivalent to the scheme of (EU) /. … (16) The principles of data protection should apply to any information concerning an identified or identifiable natural person. …

… Whenever the provisions of this Regulation follow the same principles as the provisions of (EU) / [of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (OJ 2016 L 119, p. 1; “the GDPR”)], those two sets of provisions should, under the case-law of the [Court of Justice], be interpreted …

… The central question raised by this case concerns the relationship between (EU) / (2) (‘the GDPR’) and Directive (EU) 2016/680 (3) and is aimed at clarifying the basis of and conditions for recourse to the right to the erasure of data that are being stored in such circumstances. II. Legal framework A. EU law 1. Directive 2000/78/EC 4. …

… Article 17(3) of /, read in conjunction with Article 6(1)(c) and Article 6(3) thereof must be interpreted as meaning that the storage, in a police officer’s personnel file, of personal data relating to a criminal investigation in which that officer was the subject of investigative measures, as a suspect, and which was discontinued, cannot be considered lawful for the purposes of compliance with a legal obligation to which the public authority that is his employer is subject under …

… Article 2(1) of (EU) / of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC and Article 9(1) of Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention …