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… Apart from certain provisions of primary law, namely Articles 7, 8 and Article 51(2) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the Charter’), also relevant in the present case are Articles 3 and 6 to 8 of Directive 95/46/EC (3) and Articles 2, 5, 6 and 9 of (EU) /. (4) B. Lithuanian law 4. The Lietuvos Respublikos viešųjų ir privačių interesų derinimo įstatymas Nr. VIII-371 (Law No. …

… In the light of the foregoing considerations, I propose that the Court answer the Vilniaus apygardos administracinis teismas (Regional Administrative Court, Vilnius, Lithuania) as follows: (1) Articles 6 and 7 of Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data and Articles 5 and 6 of (EU) / of the European Parliament and of the …

… The Court has held that an interpretation of Article 8(1) and (5) of Directive 95/46 or Article 9(1) and Article 10 of / that excluded a priori and generally the activity of a search engine from the specific requirements laid down by those provisions for processing relating to the special categories of data referred to there would run counter to the purpose of those provisions, namely to ensure ‘enhanced protection’ as regards such processing, which, because of the particular sensitivity …

… The particular characteristics of / 50. …

… In so far as such standing to bring proceedings had been deemed by the Court to be compatible with Directive 95/46/EC, (3) it will be for the Court (4) to say whether / has altered the legal position on that point. II. Legal framework A. / 5. Article 80 of /, entitled ‘Representation of data subjects’, is worded as follows: (5) ‘1. …

… /. 32 See, in particular, Article 6(2) and (3), the second subparagraph of Article 8(1) and Articles 85 to 89 of /. 33 See, on that topic, Mišćenić, E., and Hoffmann, A. …

… (EU) / of the European Parliament and of the European Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (the General Data Protection Regulation – hereinafter “the GDPR”), published in OJ 2016 L 119/1, entered into force on 24 May 2016 and repealed Directive 95/46/EC with effect from 25 May 2018. …

… The CJEU ruled that in the event that a search engine operator granted a request for de-referencing (pursuant to Article 12(b) and subparagraph (a) of the first paragraph of Article 14 of Directive 95/46/EC and of Article 17(1) of (EU) / of the European Parliament and of the European Council), that operator would not be required to carry out that de-referencing on all versions of its search engine, but only on the versions of that search engine corresponding to all the European …

… processed’. 55 That same requirement also applies in the context of /. …

… /, that such consent must meet the requirements under Article 2(h) of Directive 95/46 or Article 4(11) of that regulation, depending on which of those two rules is applicable ratione temporis to the facts at issue in the main proceedings. 54 Article 2(h) of Directive 95/46, defines the term ‘consent’ as meaning ‘any freely given specific and informed indication of his [or her] wishes by which the data subject signifies his [or her] agreement to personal data relating to him [or her] being …

… (EU) / of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (OJ 2016 L 119, p. 1, and corrigendum OJ 2018 L 127, p. 2), entitled ‘Repeal of Directive 95/46/EC’ provides: ‘References to the repealed Directive shall be construed as references to this Regulation. …’ 10 Article 4(11) of that regulation …

… (EU) / of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46 (General Data Protection Regulation) (OJ 2016 L 119, p. 1). …

… I should recall that, in the judgment in La Quadrature du Net, paragraph 210, the Court held that, ‘… as is the case for Article 15(1) of Directive 2002/58, the power conferred on Member States by Article 23(1) of / may be exercised only in accordance with the requirement of proportionality, according to which derogations and limitations in relation to the protection of personal data must apply only in so far as is strictly necessary (see, by analogy, with regard to Directive 95 …

… ’. 20 According to Article 3 of Regulation No 596/2014, ‘traffic data records’ means records of traffic data as defined in point (b) of the second paragraph of Article 2 of Directive 2002/58, that is to say ‘any data processed for the purpose of the conveyance of a communication on an electronic communications network or for the billing thereof’. 21 Emphasis added. 22 Emphasis added. 23 Emphasis added. 24 It does, however, lay down a data retention period of five years. 25 Directive repealed by …

… (EU) / of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (OJ 2016 L 119, p. 1). 3 By the order of 14 July 2021, the Vice-President of the Court ordered the Republic of Poland, pending delivery of the judgment closing the proceedings in Case C-204/21: (a) to suspend, first, the application …

… subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU; - by adopting and maintaining in force Article 88a of the amended Law relating to the ordinary courts, Article 45(3) of the amended Law on the Supreme Court and Article 8(2) of the amended Law relating to the administrative courts, the Republic of Poland has infringed the right to respect for private life and the right to protection of personal data, guaranteed by Article 7 and Article 8(1) of the Charter and by Article 6(1)(c) and (e), Article 6(3) and Article 9(1) of …

… Question 1a Article 55(3) of / does not require a determination of whether a processing operation of the national courts ‘acting in their judicial capacity’ affects independent judicial decision-making in each specific case. …

… Question 1b The determination of the nature and purpose of a particular processing operation does not form part of the criteria to be taken into account, under Article 55(3) of /, when establishing whether the national courts were acting ‘in their judicial capacity’. …

… Question 1c For the purposes of determining whether a processing operation of the national courts was carried out ‘in their judicial capacity’, within the meaning of Article 55(3) of /, it is not relevant whether those courts acted pursuant to an express legal basis in national law. 1 Original language: English. 2 Burton, J.H. …

… Indeed, regardless of how the concept of economic activity should be understood, the information needed by the defendant to determine which court will have jurisdiction on this ground is very likely to be covered, for individuals, by / (73) and, for companies, to a certain extent, by business confidentiality. (74) In practice, therefore, one might wonder if it will be at least as difficult for the defendant to predict which courts will have jurisdiction on the basis of the centre …

… However, the Court did not specify if by ‘activities’ it intended to refer to the applicant’s clients or to the means of production employed to satisfy them. 72 Guimaraes, G., ‘The Corporate Ad; Wall Street’s Supersalesman’, Industry Week, 10 June 1985, and Boistel, P., ‘La réputation d’entreprise: un impact majeur sur les ressources de l’entreprise’, Management & Avenir, vol. 17, no 3, 2008, pp. 9-25. 73 (EU) / of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the …

… A notable and more recent example of such an extraterritorial empowerment in EU law is the competence of the lead supervisory authority under the one-stop-shop of (EU) / (‘the GDPR’) to investigate and if need be to sanction the entirety of cross-border processing carried out by a controller or processor within the European Union. (50) Although it would be far-fetched to claim that the exact limits of competence within that regime are undisputed, (51) there is still no doubt that …

… In addition, Directive 2019/1, which is nonetheless not applicable ratione temporis to the main proceedings, harmonises some aspects of the imposition of fines in its Chapter V. 50 Article 56(1) of (EU) / of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (OJ 2016 L 119, p. 1). …

… (EU) / (‘the GDPR’) (2) is not a narrow piece of legislation. Its broadly defined scope of application, the effective judicial emptying of any exceptions to it, (3) as well as the definitions-based, abstract and in consequence rather sweeping approach to its interpretation, (4) have all contributed to making the reach of the GDPR virtually limitless. …

… I propose that the Court answer the questions referred for a preliminary ruling by the Administratīvā apgabaltiesa (Regional Administrative Court, Latvia) as follows: - Article 6(1)(c) and (3) of (EU) / of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data does not preclude national rules from laying down, without any limit in time, an obligation for …

… Internet advertising service providers to communicate certain personal data to a tax authority, as long as there is a clear legal basis in national law for such a type of data transfer and the data requested are suitable and necessary for the tax authority to complete its official tasks. 1 Original language: English. 2 (EU) / of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on …