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… , does [Directive 2002/58] preclude the review from being performed in an adapted fashion, for example as an automated review, as the case may be under the supervision of a department within the body which offers guarantees of and in relation to the officials who have the task of collecting the data?’ …

… Slovenia, CE:ECHR:2018:0424JUD006235714, § 109). 74 Accordingly, it is in the light of the requirements arising, as regards the retention of IP addresses, from 15(1) of Directive 2002/58, interpreted in the light of 7, 8 and 11 of the , that it is necessary to examine any justification for the interference with the fundamental rights enshrined in those of the entailed by the retention, by providers of publicly available electronic communications services, …

… , relating to the freedom of expression (see, to that effect, judgment of 6 October 2020, La Quadrature du Net and Others, C-511/18, C-512/18 and C-520/18, EU:C:2020:791, paragraphs 112 and 113). 68 Thus, the interpretation of 15(1) of Directive 2002/58 must take account of the importance both of the right to respect for private life, guaranteed in 7 of the , and of the right to protection of personal data, guaranteed in 8 thereof, as derived from the case-law …

… EEC (OJ 2009 L 309, p. 1), as amended by Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/605 of 19 April 2018 amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 by setting out scientific criteria for the determination of endocrine disrupting properties (OJ 2018 L 101, p. 33, and corrigendum OJ 2018 L 111, p. 10) (‘Regulation No 1107/2009’), read in conjunction with point 3.6.5 of Annex II to that regulation, and the interpretation of of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and of …

… How does that relate to the requirement of 29(1)(e) of Regulation [No] 1107/2009 that such an assessment must be conducted on the basis of current scientific and technical knowledge? (3) If the answer to the first question is in the affirmative, how can a non-governmental organisation such as the appellant be said to have an effective remedy under of the [of Fundamental Rights of the European Union] to refer the approval of an active substance to a court of law? …

… Subsequent amendments to these Regulations shall be adopted in accordance with 78(1)(c). …

… under of the has been observed and, in particular, whether the assessment carried out by the Member State examining the application under 36(1) of Regulation No 1107/2009 may be challenged before the courts of the Member State concerned. …

… of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the ’). 2 The request has been made in proceedings between Pesticide Action Network Europe (PAN Europe) (‘PAN Europe’) and the College voor de toelating van gewasbeschermingsmiddelen en biociden (Plant Protection Products and Biocides Approval Board, Netherlands) (‘the CTGB’) concerning the rejection, by the latter, of PAN Europe’s objection against the decision of the CTGB to extend the authorisation for placing the …

… (2) If the answer to the first question is that the Member State concerned has no or limited discretion, how is the right to an effective remedy under of the given effect? Is it then possible for the correctness of the zonal rapporteur Member State’s assessment to be fully challenged before the national court of the Member State concerned? …

… It is self-evident that justice and the rule of law begin with an judiciary. The right to be tried before an and tribunal is an integral component of the right to a fair trial enshrined in 19 of the Statute and embodied in numerous human rights instruments. The United Nations Human Rights Committee has stated that the right to an and tribunal ‘is an absolute right that may suffer no exception’. …

… The case file was thus sent to the Ankara 17th Assize Court for review. . …

… Such an order is binding on Turkey pursuant to Resolution 1966 adopted by the United Nations Security Council under Chapter VII of the United Nations on 22 December 2010. 9 of Security Council Resolution 1966 requires that all States comply with orders issued by the Mechanism. ...” 40. …

… Resolution 95 (I) of the UN General Assembly on the Affirmation of the Principles of International Law recognised by the of the Nuremberg Tribunal (1946) reads as follows: “The General Assembly, Recognize the obligation laid upon it by 13, paragraph 1, sub‑paragraph (a), of the , to initiate studies and make recommendations for the purpose of encouraging the progressive development of international law and its codification; Takes note of the Agreement for the establishment …

… of an International Military Tribunal for the prosecution and punishment of the major war criminals of the European Axis signed in London on 8 August 1945, and of the annexed thereto, and of the fact that similar principles have been adopted in the of the International Military Tribunal for the trial of the major war criminals in the Far East, proclaimed at Tokyo on 19 January 1946; Therefore, Affirms the principles of international law recognized by the of the Nuremberg Tribunal …

… 8 of the Convention is therefore applicable in the present case. (ii) Applicability of Article 14 120. Article 14 of the Convention has no existence, and only applies if the facts at issue fall within the ambit of one or more of the substantive provisions of the Convention or its Protocols (see, among many other authorities, Konstantin Markin v. Russia [GC], no. 30078/06, § 124, ECHR 2012 (extracts)). …

… of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. 36. …

… Following Slovenia’s , the Institutes Act, which covers, inter alia, public institutions entrusted with services of general economic interest, was adopted in 1991. 48 of that law provides: ‘The Institute shall acquire the resources for its work from the funds of the founder, the sale of goods and services, and from other sources laid down in this Act’. 15. The following year, the Pharmacies Act was also adopted. …

… By the decision at issue, the Commission closed the examination of that complaint without initiating the in-depth investigation procedure provided for in 108(2) TFEU. …

… As the Court has consistently stated, including in Simpson (a case which concerned an error in the appointment process in respect of a judge of the then European Union Civil Service Tribunal), it follows from the fundamental right to an and tribunal previously established by law, enshrined under of the , that ‘every court is obliged to check whether, as composed, it constitutes such a tribunal where a serious doubt arises on that point. …

… The Court has consistently stated that 19 TEU gives concrete expression to the core value of the rule of law under 2 TEU, (23) entrusting the responsibility for ensuring judicial review in the EU legal order to the Court of Justice of the European Union and the national courts. (24) The right to effective judicial review by an tribunal - which is now enshrined in of the - has been referred to by the Court as forming part of ‘the essence of the rule of …

… 19(2) TEU - 254 TFEU - Requirement that the candidate’s be beyond doubt - Judicial - Group of experts - Selection criteria - Ranked list of the candidates) I. …

… Van Nuffel, acting as Agents, after hearing the Opinion of the Advocate General at the sitting on 23 November 2023, gives the following Judgment 1 This request for a preliminary ruling concerns the interpretation of 2, 6(1) and (3) and the second subparagraph of 19(1) TEU, read in conjunction with of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the ’), and the principle of the primacy of EU law. 2 The request has been made in criminal proceedings …

… adoption of the ZIDZSV, it was common ground that the Spetsializiran nakazatelen sad (Specialised Criminal Court) met the requirements of the second subparagraph of 19(1) TEU, the third paragraph of 267 TFEU and the second paragraph of of the . 20 Moreover, according to the referring court, the grounds put forward by the Bulgarian legislature to reach the conclusion that the specialised criminal courts were not and did not protect the constitutional …

… 2, 6(1) and (3) and the second subparagraph of 19(1) TEU, read in conjunction with of the , must be interpreted as precluding the members of a court abolished by a Member State in order to uphold the constitutional principle of the of the judiciary and the protection of the constitutional rights of citizens from being able to hear, as members of the court which has succeeded the court abolished in this way, some of the cases which have been brought …

… In EU law, 8(1) of Directive (EU) 2016/343 (4) lays down the procedural right of suspects and accused persons to be present at the trial, which is an essential element of the fundamental right to a fair trial enshrined in and 48 of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the ’). …

… As is apparent from recital 33 of that directive, the right of suspects or of accused persons to be present at their trial is based on the right to a fair trial, enshrined in 6 ECHR, which corresponds, as stated in the explanations relating to the , to the second and third paragraphs of of the as well as 48 thereof. …

… Member States must therefore ensure that the right of a suspect or accused person to be present at the trial enshrined in 8(1) of Directive 2016/343 is guaranteed in such a way that it can be exercised in a manner which complies with the requirements of a fair trial, in accordance with the second and third paragraphs of of the and 48 thereof. …

… of the must, on any view, be rejected. 120 The fifth plea in law must therefore be rejected. …

… Everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and tribunal previously established by law. …

… The applicants’ inability to access their file prevented them from examining data enabling them to establish their standing to bring proceedings adequately and to prepare for the court proceedings under the best possible conditions, with the result that their right to an effective remedy and to an tribunal, guaranteed by of the , was infringed. 96 In the reply, the applicants assert that the contested provision is in fact an individual measure. …