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… (a) Second part of the first plea in law and first part of the second plea in law: the application of the criteria laid down in 5 of Regulation No 528/2012 (1) Second part of the first plea in law The applicant, supported by Industrieverband Agrar, submits that, when it decided not to approve cyanamide due to its endocrine-disrupting properties, the Commission in effect applied the exclusion criteria laid down in 5(1)(d) of Regulation No 528/2012, in breach of the transitional …

… laid down in 5 of Regulation No 528/2012, followed by the first part of the first plea. …

… 7(2) of Delegated Regulation No 1062/2014, the opinions of the Biocidal Products Committee of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), established by 75 of Regulation No 528/2012 (‘the BPC’), were adopted (‘the opinions of 16 June 2016’). 10 On 26 April 2018, pursuant to 75(1)(g) of Regulation No 528/2012, the Commission asked ECHA to revise its opinions of 16 June 2016 and to specify whether cyanamide also had endocrine-disrupting properties according to the scientific criteria laid …

… 41(2)(a) of the is of general application. …

… The fact of consulting her husband does not mean that the applicant cannot take decisions , in accordance with the law and moral principles. …

… the decision of an EU institution, body, office or agency is particularly important in so far as it allows persons concerned to decide in full knowledge of the circumstances whether it is worthwhile to bring an action against the decision, and the court with jurisdiction to review it; it is therefore a requirement for ensuring that the judicial review guaranteed by of the is effective (see judgment of 15 July 2021, Commission v Landesbank Baden-Württemberg and SRB, C-584/20 P …

… The Explanatory Memorandum to the further clarifies as follows: “5.1. ... the provides for a right of appeal to a higher judicial authority against any decision to impose a sanction taken by an executive authority, tribunal or body, at least half of whose membership are elected judges.” 56. …

… The relevant part of the European on the Statute for Judges (DAJ/DOC (98) 23, Strasbourg, 8-10 July 1998) reads as follows: 5. LIABILITY “5.1. …

… In its Report on the of the Judicial System, Part I: the of Judges (CDL-AD(2010)004) of 16 March 2010, the Venice Commission, among other things, stated as follows: Conclusions “... 4. It is an appropriate method for guaranteeing the of the judiciary that an judicial council have decisive influence on decisions on the appointment and career of judges. …

… It concerns the interpretation, first, of Directive (EU) 2017/541 on combating terrorism, (16) secondly, 20(2) and 21(1) TFEU, and 4(2) and (3) TEU, thirdly, 20 and 21 of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the ’) and, fourthly, the principles of legitimate expectations, legal certainty and the primacy of EU law. 9. …

… Legal framework European Union law The 10. 20 of the provides that ‘everyone is equal before the law’. 11. 21 of the provides as follows: ‘1. Any discrimination based on any ground such as sex, race, colour, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, birth, disability, age or sexual orientation shall be prohibited. 2. …

… of Catalonia, and acts carried out in connection with the Catalan process. 6. …

… That is why, according to the Court, the obligation on Member States resulting from of the ‘corresponds’ to the right guaranteed in 19(1) TEU. 116. …

… In the judgment in ASJP, the Court held, first, that 19 TEU gives concrete expression to the value of the rule of law stated in 2 TEU and, secondly, that the principle of the effective judicial protection of individuals’ rights under EU law, referred to in the second subparagraph of 19(1) TEU, is a general principle of EU law which is now reaffirmed by of the . (58) The latter finding led it to state, in a subsequent judgment, that of the …

… 267 and 325 TFEU, 23 of the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the second subparagraph of 19(1) TEU and of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the ’) are relevant in the present case. B. Spanish law 1. The Constitution 9. 136 of the Constitution provides: ‘1. The [TCU] is the supreme body charged with auditing the accounts and financial management of the State and the public sector. …

… The Explanatory Memorandum to the further clarifies as follows: “5.1. ... the provides for a right of appeal to a higher judicial authority against any decision to impose a sanction taken by an executive authority, tribunal or body, at least half of whose membership are elected judges.” 63. …

… The relevant part of the European on the Statute for Judges (DAJ/DOC (98) 23, Strasbourg, 8-10 July 1998) reads as follows: 5. LIABILITY “5.1. …

… In its Report on the of the Judicial System, Part I: the of Judges (CDL-AD(2010)004) of 16 March 2010, the Venice Commission, among other things, stated as follows: Conclusions “... 4. It is an appropriate method for guaranteeing the of the judiciary that an judicial council have decisive influence on decisions on the appointment and career of judges. …

… of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work (OJ 1989 L 183, p.1) and 31 of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the ’). 2 The request has been made in proceedings between NI, a deputy public prosecutor in the Općinsko državno odvjetništvo u Puli-Pola (Municipal Public Prosecutor’s Office, Pula, Croatia) and the Republika Hrvatska (Republic of Croatia), represented by the Općinsko državno odvjetništvo u Rijeci (Municipal Public …

… system carried out outside of the workplace - 31 of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union - Fair and just working conditions) In Case C-373/24 [Ramavić], (i) REQUEST for a preliminary ruling under 267 TFEU from the Općinski sud u Puli-Pola (Municipal Court, Pula, Croatia), made by decision of 3 May 2024, received at the Court on 24 May 2024, in the proceedings NI v Republika Hrvatska, THE COURT (Sixth Chamber), composed of I. …

… This Directive shall apply to all sectors of activity, both public and private, within the meaning of 2 of [Directive 89/391], without prejudice to 14, 17, 18 and 19 of this Directive. …’ 5 2 of Directive 2003/88 is worded as follows: ‘For the purposes of this Directive, the following definitions shall apply: 1. …

… I must point out, however, that the EU Courts’ standard of review, as defined in the Court’s case-law, also responds to a primary normative imperative, since it follows from of the of Fundamental Rights. In other words, even where 3 and 21 TEU are relied on, a comprehensive judicial review is necessary. 41. It should also be noted that the judicial review aims to ensure that the Council has fulfilled its obligations. …

… The Court has also recently reiterated, first, that ‘as part of the review of the lawfulness of the reasons which are the basis of the decision to include or to maintain a person’s name on the list of persons subject to restrictive measures, the effectiveness of the judicial review guaranteed by of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union requires, in particular, that the Courts of the European Union are to ensure that that decision, which affects the person concerned individually …

… Such an assessment must be carried out bearing in mind the requirements laid down in 3(1) and (5) and 21(1) and (2)(a) and (c) TEU. 33. …

… In that context, the view must be taken that no infringement of that can be established in respect of Member States which decide to avail themselves of that possibility. . …

… That wording, which follows from the case-law of the Court on 7 of the , (35) remains fully applicable with regard to 8 thereof. 21. …

… In particular, the requirement of presupposes that the body enjoys a status that allows it to act objectively, , and free from any external influence. (89) In the present case, since the description given by the referring court of the attributes of the Portuguese Public Prosecutor’s Office meets those conditions, I consider that it should be regarded as an body competent to grant prior authorisation in the manner required by the judgment in Landeck. …

… The present case concerns twenty-one Iraqi nationals, who complained that they had been subjected to treatment contrary to 3 of the Convention by Danish soldiers in Iraq around 25 November 2004. They also relied on 1, 6 and 13 of the Convention. THE FACTS 2. The applicants’ details are set out in the appended table. They were represented by Mr Tyge Trier, a lawyer practising in Copenhagen. 3. …

… STRASBOURG 21 October 2025 This judgment will become final in the circumstances set out in 44 § 2 of the Convention. It may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Abdulaal Naser and Others v. …

… During the pre-trial proceedings, the High Court considered a number of procedural issues and applications, including on the use of medical certificates, the production of evidence, the examination of witnesses, the examination of parties via video link, scheduling of the trial, the withdrawal of the applicants’ counsel, free legal aid and the of judges. 29. …