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… 17 § 2, concerning the form of administrative acts, enshrines a duty to state the reasons for the measure: “Appropriate reasons shall be given for any individual decision taken, stating the legal and factual grounds on which the decision was taken, at least in cases where they affect individual rights.” The of Fundamental Rights of the European Union 53. The relevant parts of 41 of the read as follows: “1. …

… It should be noted that, in accordance with the general obligations provided for under 49 (2) of this Convention, the issuing of such orders must not be prejudicial to the rights of the defence and the requirements of a fair and trial, in conformity with 6 ECHR. This means notably that the person against whom such an order has been issued should have the right to appeal it before the competent authorities and according to the appropriate internal procedures.” …

… It should be noted that, in accordance with the general obligations provided for under 49 (2) of this Convention, the issuing of such orders must not be prejudicial to the rights of the defence and the requirements of a fair and trial, in conformity with 6 ECHR. This means notably that the person against whom such an order has been issued should have the right to appeal it before the competent authorities and according to the appropriate internal procedures.” …

… and . 31. …

… In the Government’s view, the same considerations applied to the decisions issued by the Constitutional Court in respect of the second, fifth and sixth applicants (see paragraph 18 above). . …

… They complained, in particular, that the reasoning of the domestic courts’ decisions had been insufficient ( 6 § 1 of the Convention), that their legitimate expectation of receiving a full salary during the period in question had not been met ( 1 of Protocol No. 1) and that they had been discriminated against compared to other public servants and other individuals ( 14 taken in conjunction with 1 of Protocol No. 1). THE FACTS 2. …

… 48(1) of the . …

… 8.3.2 of the Staff Rules and the principle of legal certainty, the third alleging violation of the adage ‘disciplinary proceedings arising out of a criminal offence must await the outcome of the criminal trial’, the principle of sound administration and the duty to have regard for the welfare of officials, the fourth alleging infringement of 8.3.7 of the Staff Rules and the principle of enshrined in 41 of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the …

… of the Staff Rules and of the principle of , and the fifth alleging failure to comply with the obligation of judicial review. …

… Member States shall ensure that, in accordance with the relevant national legal system, members of the public concerned: … have access to a review procedure before a court of law or another and body established by law to challenge the substantive or procedural legality of decisions, acts or omissions subject to the public participation provisions of this Directive. 2. …

… Directive 2011/92 4 4 of Directive 2011/92 provides, in paragraphs 2 to 5 thereof: ‘2. Subject to 2(4), for projects listed in Annex II, Member States shall determine whether the project shall be made subject to an assessment in accordance with 5 to 10. Member States shall make that determination through: (a) a case-by-case examination; or (b) thresholds or criteria set by the Member State. …

… (2) If the answer to the first question is “Yes”, [does ] 4(2), (3), (4) and/or (5) [of] and/or Annex III [to] … Directive 2011/92 and/or the directive read in the light of the principle of legal certainty and good administration under [Article] 41 of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union have the consequence that, where a competent authority decides not to subject a proposal for development consent to the process of environmental impact assessment, there should be an express …

… 19(1) TEU and of the , and, in particular, those relating to access to an and tribunal previously established by law (see, by way of example, judgments in A. …

… as to their and their . …

… 19(1) TEU, read in conjunction with of the , and of the principle of the primacy of EU law, and the jurisdiction of the Court to rule on that action. …

… Bulgaria (application no. 53321/99), where the Court found, in a factually related case, a violation of all the rights relied on in that application ( 6 § 1 of the Convention, 13 of the Convention and 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention).” Relevant legal framework of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC 56. 36 of the reads as follows: 36 “1. …

… In the plaintiff’s view, this resulted in a violation of its constitutionally guaranteed rights and freedoms ... enshrined in 11 of the of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms (the ‘’), which protects the right of both natural and legal persons to own property, and 36 of the , which guarantees the right to a fair trial and the judicial protection of rights. ... …

… The states that the conditions and detailed provisions in respect of the State’s liability for damage so caused shall be set out by law ( 36 §§ 3 and 4 of the of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms), which ... is ... the [State Liability Act]. …

… The Chamber, by a majority, declared admissible the complaint that the disciplinary court had not satisfied the requirements of an and tribunal under 6 § 1 of the Convention and held, by four votes to three, that there had been a violation of this provision. …

… This interfered with the complainant’s right to a fair trial and violated 36 § 1 of the [of Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms of the Czech Republic], 6 § 1 of the Convention and 2 of the Protocol [No. 7 to the Convention]. ... The complainant is aware of the provisions of 2 § 2 of Protocol [No. 7], which lay down exceptions to the right to review in the cases defined therein. …

… As regards the substantive characteristics, the Constitutional Court refers to the existence of systemic guarantees of and , which also apply to the disciplinary chamber of the Supreme Administrative Court in the same way as to a court composed of judges only, and this is reflected in the wording of sections 5 and 6 of the impugned Act in particular. …

… 41 and of the ) Table of contents I. …

… Maltese law and 27(1) of Regulation (EU) No 468/2014 must thus be interpreted in the light of 41, and 48 of the (38) as meaning that the legal adviser appointed by the bank must be able to defend the latter’s rights and interests in the authorisation withdrawal proceedings and before the EU courts. …

… By contrast, in the first plea in law, the appellant only submitted a very general complaint about infringement of 41 of the . As the ECB rightly states, the appellant also did not complain in the first plea in law that it had not been properly notified of the ECB decision at issue. () 101. …

… paragraph of of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union - Right to a fair trial - Judicial ) I. …

… In those circumstances, the referring court is uncertain whether the fact that the information about the reclassification of the offence comes from the court, and not the public prosecutor’s office, might call into question that court’s , as guaranteed by the second paragraph of of the . 13. …

… The present case arises from a request for a preliminary ruling from the Spetsializiran nakazatelen sad (Specialised Criminal Court, Bulgaria) concerning the interpretation of that directive, along with of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the ’). 4. …

… It shall also indicate the penalties provided for in 23 and indicate or impose the penalties provided for in 24. …

… Kurme, Administrator, having regard to the written part of the procedure, further to the hearing on 1 June 2022, gives the following Judgment 1 By its action under 263 TFEU, the applicant, Meta Platforms Ireland Ltd, formerly Facebook Ireland Ltd, seeks annulment of Commission Decision C(2020) 3011 final of 4 May 2020 relating to a proceeding pursuant to 18(3) and to 24(1)(d) of Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 (Case AT.40628 - Facebook Data-related practices) (‘the initial …

… Background to the dispute 2 On 13 March 2019, the European Commission sent the applicant a request for information by decision taken pursuant to 18(3) of Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 on the implementation of the rules on competition laid down in [101] and [102 TFEU] (OJ 2003 L 1, p. 1). …