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… first paragraph of 23 of the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union, fourthly, 20, 21 and of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the ’), fifthly, the principles of legal certainty and the protection of legitimate expectations and, sixthly, 6 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, signed in Rome on 4 November 1950 (ECHR). 2 The request has been made in proceedings for the recovery of an …

… (8) Should [] 2 and [the second subparagraph of 19(1)] TEU and of the , in particular in conjunction with 267 TFEU and [the first subparagraph of 23] of the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union …, be interpreted as meaning that the suspensory effect of a reference for a preliminary ruling and the effectiveness of the final decision of the Court of Justice are not compatible with [] 8(3), [] 10 and [] 13(3), in …

… The Union and the Member States shall counter fraud and any other illegal activities affecting the financial interests of the Union through measures to be taken in accordance with this , which shall act as a deterrent and be such as to afford effective protection in the Member States, and in all the Union’s institutions, bodies, offices and agencies. …’ The 8 Title VI of the , under the heading ‘Justice’, includes thereof, entitled ‘Right to an effective remedy and …

… ). 42 Secondly, under the second paragraph of 252 TFEU, the Advocate General, acting with complete and , must make, in open court, reasoned submissions on cases which, in accordance with the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union, require the Advocate General’s involvement. …

… the context of the movement for Catalan . …

… 20(2) and 21(1) TFEU, thirdly, the principles of equal treatment and non-discrimination enshrined in 20 and 21 of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the ’) and, fourthly, the principles of legitimate expectations, legal certainty and the primacy of EU law. 2 The request has been made in criminal proceedings brought against EGB, EGC, SPG, QCR, GTA, ACB, JRS, RJDL, FJG, XBLL, DBA and CBE, 12 persons accused of acts constituting terrorist offences, in …

… The 4 of the , entitled ‘Right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial’, stipulates: ‘Everyone whose rights and freedoms guaranteed by the law of the Union are violated has the right to an effective remedy before a tribunal in compliance with the conditions laid down in this . Everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and tribunal previously established by law. …

… Moro, acting as Agents, after hearing the Opinion of the Advocate General at the sitting on 5 March 2026, gives the following Judgment 1 This request for a preliminary ruling concerns the interpretation of and 51(1) of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the ’). 2 The request has been made in proceedings between QJ, a natural person, and the Administration de l’enregistrement, des domaines et de la TVA (AEDT) (the Registration, Land and VAT Authority …

… Provisional text JUDGMENT OF THE COURT (First Chamber) 16 July 2026 (*) (Reference for a preliminary ruling - of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union - Right to an effective remedy - Whether applicable - National legislation providing for a system of joint and several liability of company directors for payment of value added tax (VAT) owed by the company - Binding effect of the findings of fact and legal classifications contained in a final tax assessment - Option for …

… of the ’. 79. …

… It invites the Court to rule, not for the first time, on questions relating to the interpretation of the EU requirements of an and tribunal previously established by law as enshrined in the second subparagraph of 19(1) TEU, read in the light of of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the ’). …

… It follows that a mixed panel, composed of regularly and irregularly appointed judges, is not an and tribunal previously established by law and therefore does not satisfy the requirements of the second subparagraph of 19(1) TEU, read in the light of of the . 80. …

… The relevant parts of 14 of the ICCPR read as follows: “1. All persons shall be equal before the courts and tribunals. In the determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, and tribunal established by law. ... ... 7. …

… On 4 April 2018 the applicant alleged once again before the TPIC that there had been a breach of the ne bis in idem principle, as enshrined in 29 § 5 of the Constitution (see paragraph 87 below), 4 of Protocol No. 7 to the Convention and 50 of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (EU) (“the ”; see paragraph 126 below). …

… European Union law (a) The Convention Implementing the Schengen Agreement (CISA) of 14 June 1985 (b) The of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (“the ”) (c) Council Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA of 13 June 2002 on the European arrest warrant and the surrender procedures between Member States 2. …

… Decision on the rules governing the disclosure of various categories of official documents (adopted by the Presidency Office on 19 November 2013) . …

… ALLEGED VIOLATION OF 11 OF THE CONVENTION A. The Chamber judgment B. The parties’ submissions C. The Court’s assessment III. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF 13 OF THE CONVENTION A. The Chamber judgment B. The parties’ submissions C. The Court’s assessment IV. APPLICATION OF 41 OF THE CONVENTION A. Damage B. Costs and expenses OPERATIVE PROVISIONS DISSENTING OPINION OF JUDGE GRIGORYAN In the case of Grande Oriente d’Italia v. …

… In the new association’s founding , are the reasons for the distancing from Grande Oriente d’Italia explicitly stated? F.V. – No ..., but it can be inferred from the internal documents that we require [members] to sign ... …

… They argued that the Constitutional Court no longer served as an and judicial authority and that the proceedings before it could not be considered an effective remedy for the purposes of 35 of the Convention. They referred to the Court’s case-law, in particular the judgment in Xero Flor w Polsce sp. z o.o. v. Poland (no. 4907/18, 7 May 2021). 2. The Court’s assessment 69. …

… “Everyone shall have the right to legal protection of his private and family life, of his [or her] honour and good reputation and to make decisions about his [or her] private life.” 71 “1. The State, in its social and economic policy, shall take into account the good of the family. …

… In its judgment of 14 December 2021 (Stolichna obshtina, rayon ‘Pancharevo’, C-490/20, EU:C:2021:1008) the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruled that 4(2) of the Treaty on the European Union, 20 and 21 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and 7, 24 and 45 of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, read in conjunction with 4(3) of the Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 29 April 2004, …

… of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the appellant’s rights of defence. …

… 13(2) TEU, 19 TEU and 256 and 263 TFEU. …

… The request that the appeal be allowed to proceed 2 Under the first paragraph of 58a of the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union, an appeal brought against a decision of the General Court concerning a decision of an board of appeal of the SRB is not to proceed unless the Court of Justice first decides that it should be allowed to do so. 3 In accordance with the third paragraph of 58a of that statute, an appeal is to be allowed to proceed, wholly or in …

… of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the Charter’) and the appellant’s rights of defence. …

… 13(2) TEU, 19 TEU and 256 and 263 TFEU. …

… The request that the appeal be allowed to proceed 2 Under the first paragraph of 58a of the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union, an appeal brought against a decision of the General Court concerning a decision of an board of appeal of the SRB is not to proceed unless the Court of Justice first decides that it should be allowed to do so. 3 In accordance with the third paragraph of 58a of that statute, an appeal is to be allowed to proceed, wholly or in …

… , enshrined in 41 of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the ’), is a component of the principle of good administration. (5) Transparency - based, inter alia, on 15 TFEU and 42 of the - is aimed at ensuring the openness of administrative action, while confidentiality is intended to protect legitimate interests, (6) such as the rights of the defence and the protection of personal data. …

… 41(2)(b) of the expressly grants everyone the right to have access to his or her file. …

… That case-law stems from the right to be heard, which is a general principle of EU law enshrined in 41(2) of the . …