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… of [the ] and the right to an effective remedy before a tribunal and the right to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and tribunal previously established by law expressed therein - be interpreted as precluding [national provisions such as 80, 110(2a) and 129 of the Law on the ordinary courts and 27(1)(1a) of the Law on the Supreme Court], which [allow the Disciplinary Chamber] to lift a judge’s immunity and suspend …

… Consideration of the questions referred The first to third questions referred in Case C-615/20 50 By its first to third questions, which should be examined together, the referring court in Case C-615/20 asks, in essence, whether 2 TEU, the second subparagraph of 19(1) TEU and of the must be interpreted as precluding national provisions which confer on a body, whose and are not guaranteed, jurisdiction to authorise the initiation of criminal …

… courts, prohibiting any national court from verifying compliance with the requirements stemming from EU law relating to the guarantee of an and tribunal previously established by law, the Republic of Poland had failed to fulfil its obligations under the second subparagraph of 19(1) TEU, read in conjunction with of the and under the principle of the primacy of EU law. 87 The Court also held in that judgment, for the reasons set out in paragraphs 125 …

… Under the second paragraph of 252 TFEU, the Advocate General, acting with complete and , is to make, in open court, reasoned submissions on cases which require the Advocate General’s involvement. The Court is not bound either by the Advocate General’s conclusion or by the reasoning which led to that conclusion. …

… The orders under appeal are not based on such a specific examination but are founded on more general reasoning, which is vitiated by several errors. Accordingly, the General Court proceeded from the incorrect premiss that all the guidelines adopted by the Commission must be treated in the same way from the point of view of Article 263 TFEU. …

… Aid for indirect emission costs will be considered compatible with the internal market within the meaning of 107(3)(c) [TFEU] provided that the conditions below are met. 20. …

… While this type of arbitration was not prohibited, the arbitral tribunal had to afford the safeguards under 6 § 1 of the Convention, in particular those of and (Mutu and Pechstein, cited above, §§ 95 and 114 et seq.). …

… Examining whether the CAS could be regarded as an ‘ and tribunal established by law’ within the meaning of that provision, the ECtHR held that the CAS had the appearance of a tribunal established by law and that it was genuinely and (Mutu and Pechstein, cited above, §§ 149 and 159), which it has had cause recently to confirm (Platini v. Switzerland (dec.), no. 526/18, 11 February 2020). 5.1.3. …

… ALLEGED VIOLATION OF 6 § 1 OF THE CONVENTION VIII. APPLICATION OF 41 OF THE CONVENTION A. Damage B. …

… circumstances, to a violation of the guarantees of and within the meaning of 45 § 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and 6 § 1 of the [Convention]. 3. …

… Schab, appointed as judge of the Warsaw Court of Appeal in a defective procedure before the NCJ, did not meet the standard of due composition of a court formation referred to in 439 § 1 (2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure owing to the failure to observe the guarantees of and required by 45 § 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, 6 § 1 of the Convention and of the of Fundamental Rights. OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 127. …

… 179 in conjunction with 187 § 1 and 3 of the Constitution, – the first sentence of 6 § 1 of the Convention. – , first and second sentences, of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union in connection with 6(1) of the Treaty on European Union.” 202. …

… The third plea, alleging infringement of the principle of 219 The third plea is based on an alleged infringement of the principle of laid down in 41(1) of the , which also results in an infringement of 15 TFEU, and of 39(2) and and 48 of the . …

… in 52 of the . 136 As a preliminary point, it should be recalled that 39(2) of the , under which ‘Members of the European Parliament shall be elected by direct universal suffrage in a free and secret ballot’, guarantees the right to stand as a candidate in elections to the Parliament. …

… According to the applicants, that interpretation by the Tribunal Supremo (Supreme Court) is erroneous and breaches 20, 21 and of the . The Tribunal Supremo (Supreme Court) has already been found to lack competence by the cour d’appel de Bruxelles (Court of Appeal, Brussels, Belgium) and by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention set up by the General Assembly of the United Nations. …

… certain specific within the EU market. …

… of a Member State by the submission of a proposal to the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), in accordance with 37(1) and (2) of Regulation No 1272/2008. …

… In 36(3) of that regulation, other situations are provided for, in particular ‘where a substance fulfils the criteria for other hazard classes or differentiations than those referred to in paragraph 1’. …

… Based on each situation, the assessment of necessity and proportionality has to identify and consider all implications that fall within the scope of other fundamental rights, such as human dignity under 1 of the , freedom of thought, conscience and religion under 10 of the , freedom of expression under 11 of the as well as freedom of assembly and association under 12 of the . 59. …

… The protection of personal data resulting from the explicit obligation laid down in 8(1) of the is especially important for the right to respect for private life enshrined in 7 of the . …

… While part of the oversight can be carried out by and data protection authorities, States should consider additional measures, including the involvement of an body, preferably of a judicial nature, in charge of authorizing the use of facial recognition technology measures in an assembly context. In any case, any use of recording and facial recognition technology should be open to judicial challenge. …

… Specific types of data processing may entail a particular risk for data subjects of the context of the processing. ... …

… The Belgian Constitution guarantees freedom to manifest one’s opinions on all matters ( 19) and freedom of the press ( 25), as well as the right to respect for private and family life ( 22). The Civil Code . Under 1382 of the Civil Code, “any act committed by a person that causes damage to another shall render the person through whose fault the damage was caused liable to make reparation for it”. 48. …

… It referred in its reasoning to 8 and 10 of the Convention. 26. …

… . - The referring court must ensure the necessary observance of the fundamental rights enshrined in the first sentence of the second paragraph of of the , namely the entitlement of everyone to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and tribunal previously established by law. - ‘… an irregularity committed during the composition of panels [of a court] entails an infringement of the first sentence of the second paragraph of of the …

… 49 of the and the more lenient criminal law 84. Like Decision 2006/928, 325(1) TFEU has direct effect. Under the principle of the primacy of EU law, those provisions render automatically inapplicable any conflicting provision of national law. () 85. …

… panels hearing cases in Romania related to corruption did not constitute an infringement of the first sentence of the second paragraph of of the , with the result that the situation was different from the one decided on by the judgment in M.A.S. and M.B. …

… Fourth, it infringed or misapplied 91 to 93 of the REACH Regulation. Fifth, the Board of Appeal failed to address the applicant’s arguments relating to the infringement of 13 TFEU, 25 of the REACH Regulation and the principles of protection of animal welfare, proportionality and sound administration. …

… ECHA the information required by the deadline set. 10 Decisions under 40(3) of the REACH Regulation are to be taken in accordance with the procedure laid down in 50 and 51 of that regulation. 11 Under 50(1) of the REACH Regulation, ECHA is to notify any draft decision to the registrant(s) or downstream user(s) concerned, informing them of their right to comment within 30 days of receipt. …

… 51(3) of the REACH Regulation provides that if ECHA does not receive any proposals, it is to take the decision in the version notified to the registrants or the downstream user(s) concerned. 13 57 of the REACH Regulation provides the following: ‘The following substances may be included in Annex XIV in accordance with the procedure laid down in 58: (a) substances meeting the criteria for classification in the hazard class carcinogenicity category 1A or 1B in accordance with …