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… Everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and tribunal previously established by law. …

… Ronkes Agerbeek, acting as Agents, after hearing the Opinion of the Advocate General at the sitting on 16 January 2025, gives the following Judgment 1 This request for a preliminary ruling concerns the interpretation of 19(1) TEU, read in conjunction with 267 TEU and of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the ’). 2 The request has been made in proceedings between, on the one hand, Royal Football Club Seraing SA (‘RFC Seraing’), and, on the other …

… Provisional text JUDGMENT OF THE COURT (Grand Chamber) 1 August 2025 (*) (Reference for a preliminary ruling - 19(1) TEU - Obligation of Member States to provide remedies sufficient to ensure effective legal protection in the fields covered by Union law - of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union - Right to an effective remedy - Possibility of recourse to arbitration - Arbitration between individuals - Imposed arbitration - Decision of a body of an international …

… The third-country national concerned shall be afforded an effective remedy to appeal against or seek review of decisions related to return, as referred to in 12(1), before a competent judicial or administrative authority or a competent body composed of members who are and who enjoy safeguards of . 2. …

… Provisional text JUDGMENT OF THE COURT (Fifth Chamber) 1 August 2025 (*) (References for a preliminary ruling - Border controls, asylum and immigration - Immigration policy - Directive 2008/115/EC - Common standards and procedures in Member States for returning illegally staying third-country nationals - 3(4) and (6), 7(1) and (4), 8(1) and (2), 11(1) and 13 - of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union - Return decision - Decision …

… (OJ 2008 L 348, p. 98), read in the light of of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the ’). 2 The requests have been made in two sets of proceedings between W (C-636/23) and X (C-637/23), both of whom are third-country nationals, and the Belgische Staat (Belgian State) and the État belge (Belgian State), respectively, concerning an order to leave the territory and an entry ban. …

… 19(1) TEU, read in conjunction with of the [], be interpreted as requiring that such a judge should, for the purpose of protecting his or her and autonomy, have an effective remedy against that decision before an and tribunal in a procedure which satisfies the requirements of and 48 of the ? …

… 19(1) TEU, read in conjunction with of the . …

… had the opportunity to challenge their appointment before an and tribunal in a procedure which satisfies the requirements of and 48 of the , is not an , tribunal previously established by law and giving individuals effective access to justice in areas covered by EU law?’ …

… As the Court has consistently stated, 19(1) TEU, interpreted in the light of of the , has direct effect. (50) 71. …

… (Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Najwyższy (Supreme Court, Poland)) (Reference for a preliminary ruling - 267 TFEU - 19(1) TEU - of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union - Procedure for the appointment of a national judge - Judicial and - Nemo iudex in causa sua) I. Introduction 1. …

… Those principles and rules, a fortiori when interpreted in the light of 19(1) TEU and of the , as well as 6(1) ECHR, would lead to the exclusion from the panel of any judge whose or could be doubted in the eyes of the public. 25. I am also of the view that the second and third questions are admissible. 26. …

… 13 of that directive, headed ‘Remedies’, provides, in paragraphs 1 and 2: ‘1. The third-country national concerned shall be afforded an effective remedy to appeal against or seek review of decisions related to return, as referred to in 12(1), before a competent judicial or administrative authority or a competent body composed of members who are and who enjoy safeguards of . 2. …

… The referring court adds that the right to an effective remedy, enshrined in Article of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the Charter’) and given specific expression in Article 13(1) and (2) of Directive 2008/115, requires that the court called upon to review compliance with the conditions governing the lawfulness of the detention for the purpose of removal of the illegally staying third-country national, pursuant to a return decision, should be able to determine whether …

… This request for a preliminary ruling concerns the interpretation of 5, 13(1) and (2) and 15 of Directive 2008/115, which guarantee, respectively, respect for the principle of non-refoulement and certain interests of illegally staying third-country nationals, effective judicial protection with regard to decisions related to return, and strict conditions and procedures for the adoption of a measure involving deprivation of liberty. 3. …

… of of the (see, to that effect, judgment of 29 July 2024, Breian, C-318/24 PPU, EU:C:2024:658, paragraph 80). 39 It is therefore necessary to determine whether the requirements of and laid down in the second paragraph of of the preclude national legislation which allows a criminal court, at the end of the criminal trial, to convict an accused person for an offence set out in the indictment, even where the public prosecutor, after submitting …

… Provisional text JUDGMENT OF THE COURT (Third Chamber) 1 August 2025 (*) (Reference for a preliminary ruling - Area of freedom, security and justice - Judicial cooperation in criminal matters - Directive (EU) 2016/343 - 6 - Burden of proof that the accused person is guilty - Second paragraph of of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union - Right of access to an and tribunal - Charge withdrawn in part by the public prosecutor’s office during …

… paragraph of of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the ’). 2 The request has been made in the context of criminal proceedings brought against KP for possession and distribution of narcotic substances. …

… JUDGMENT OF THE GENERAL COURT (Seventh Chamber) 23 July 2025 (*) (Competition - Agreements, decisions and concerted practices - Sector of Foreign Exchange (Forex) spot trading of G10 currencies - Decision finding an infringement of Article 101 TFEU and Article 53 of the EEA Agreement - Exchanges of information - Agreements or concerted practices relating to G10 foreign exchange activities - Restriction of competition by object - Single and continuous infringement - Principle of sound administration …

… This additional financial recognition, which should cover his additional financial costs and equal the amount of a geographic mobility allowance, is of any decision on his individual award, which will be assessed by his hierarchy based on his performance. …

… The official is deemed to know the rules governing his or her salary (see, by analogy, judgments of 27 January 2016, DF v Commission, T-782/14 P, EU:T:2016:29, paragraph 26 and the case-law cited, and of 18 June 2019, Quadri di Cardano v Commission, T-828/17, not published, EU:T:2019:422, paragraph and the case-law cited). 46 The factors taken into consideration by the Courts of the European Union in assessing the ability of the official or agent concerned to make the necessary checks concern …

… That right, enshrined in Article 41 of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, involves a duty of diligence that requires the competent institution to examine and deal carefully and attentively with files relating to the pecuniary rights of individuals. 66 The applicant submits that the EIB breached its duties of good administration, transparency and care for a number of reasons. 67 First, the applicant considered the temporary assignment to the [confidential] only because that assignment …

… In the third part of the plea, she asserts that the right of access to the file laid down in that provision is of the right to be heard laid down in 41(2)(a) of the . …

… - 41(2)(b) of the of Fundamental Rights) In Case T-183/23, Lisa Ballmann, residing in Innsbruck (Austria), represented by F. …

… 41(2)(b) of the , unlike 41(2)(a) of the , does not lay down such a requirement, but makes the right of access to the file subject only to the condition that the file concerns the access applicant. 45 In the second part of the plea, the applicant maintains that there appears to be no doubt that the EDPB file to which she requested access concerns her, in accordance with 41(2)(b) of the , since Binding Decision 3/2022 relates to a case opened following …

… APPLICATION OF 41 OF THE CONVENTION A. Damage B. Costs and expenses C. Default interest OPERATIVE PROVISIONS PARTLY CONCURRING OPINION OF JUDGE ŠIMÁČKOVÁ A “tribunal established by law”? An “ and ” tribunal? …

… While this type of arbitration was not prohibited, the arbitral tribunal had to afford the safeguards under 6 § 1 of the Convention, in particular those of and (Mutu and Pechstein, cited above, §§ 95 and 114 et seq.). …

… Examining whether the CAS could be regarded as an ‘ and tribunal established by law’ within the meaning of that provision, the ECtHR held that the CAS had the appearance of a tribunal established by law and that it was genuinely and (Mutu and Pechstein, cited above, §§ 149 and 159), which it has had cause recently to confirm (Platini v. Switzerland (dec.), no. 526/18, § 65, 11 February 2020). 5.1.3. …