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… In the light of the foregoing, regarding the third question referred, I conclude that 5k of Regulation No 833/2014 must be interpreted as not precluding, on its own, the application of the prohibition set out therein as an decision of a contracting authority under national law. …

… Furthermore, the referring court wonders whether interpreting 5k of Regulation No 833/2014 solely in terms of its wording, as set out in point 39 of the present Opinion, could lead to undermining the objectives of the restrictive measures adopted by the European Union in the context of the military aggression perpetrated by Russia against Ukraine. . …

… 1 of Regulation 2022/576 provides: ‘Regulation [No 833/2014] is amended as follows: (1) in 1, the following points are added: “(v) ‘public procurement Directives’ means [inter alia Directive 2014/24]; …” … (23) the following are inserted: “ 5k 1. …

… on access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental matters, signed in Aarhus on 25 June 1998 and approved on behalf of the European Community by Council Decision 2005/370/EC of 17 February 2005 (OJ 2005 L 124, p. 1) (‘the Aarhus Convention’), and of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the ’). 2 The request has been made in proceedings between Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) and the Commissioner for Environmental …

… Each Party shall, within the framework of its national legislation, ensure that any person who considers that his or her request for information under 4 has been ignored, wrongfully refused, whether in part or in full, inadequately answered, or otherwise not dealt with in accordance with the provisions of that , has access to a review procedure before a court of law or another and body established by law. … 4. …

… Such a remittal would be likely to cause a delay that is incompatible with the requirement that remedies be timely and free of charge or inexpensive, which stems from Article 6 of Directive 2003/4, Article 9 of the Aarhus Convention and Article of the . …

… , the Court has jurisdiction to interpret the second subparagraph of 19(1) TEU, read in the light of of the . …

… Provisional text JUDGMENT OF THE COURT (Fourth Chamber) 3 September 2026 (*) (Reference for a preliminary ruling - Second subparagraph of 19(1) TEU - of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union - Effective legal protection - Judicial - Tribunal previously established by law - Obligation of the national courts to refer a preliminary point of law to the supreme court - 267 TFEU) In Case C-606/24, REQUEST for a preliminary ruling under 267 …

… Consideration of the question referred Preliminary observations 41 By its question, the referring court asks the Court to rule on the interpretation not only of the second subparagraph of 19(1) TEU, read in the light of of the , but also of 2 TEU. 42 However, it is apparent from the grounds of the order for reference that those questions relate, in essence, to the principle of judicial , which follows from the second subparagraph of 19(1) TEU. …

… Legal context European Union law The 3 41 of the , entitled ‘Right to good administration’, provides, in paragraphs 1 and 2: ‘1. Every person has the right to have his or her affairs handled , fairly and within a reasonable time by the institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the [European] Union. 2. …

… Steiblytė, acting as Agents, after hearing the Opinion of the Advocate General at the sitting on 26 February 2026, gives the following Judgment 1 This request for a preliminary ruling concerns the interpretation of the second subparagraph of 19(1) TEU, 41 and of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the ’), 2 of Council Decision 2014/145/CFSP of 17 March 2014 concerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the …

… Everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and tribunal previously established by law. Everyone shall have the possibility of being advised, defended and represented.’ Decision 2014/145 5 2(1) and (2) of Decision 2014/145 provides as follows: ‘1. …

… STRASBOURG 3 September 2026 This judgment will become final in the circumstances set out in 44 § 2 of the Convention. It may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of A.S. v. …

… Article 5 of the EU of Fundamental Rights provides that “no one shall be held in slavery or servitude” (paragraph 1), that “no one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour” (paragraph 2), and that “trafficking in human beings is prohibited” (paragraph 3). 77. …

… While initially scheduling adjudication by written procedure only, on 16 June 2021 the Vidzeme Regional Court informed the parties that adjudication would continue in oral proceedings as it needed to re-examine evidence. . On 31 January 2022 the Regional Court commenced hearings. The court heard G.R.’s testimony, who testified D.G. had not been familiar with dairy farming and had poor management skills, therefore the farm could not generate income. …

… and C-34/14, EU:C:2016:74, paragraph 105). 142 The main method of determining the normal value of a product is set out in the first subparagraph of 2(1) of the basic regulation, which provides that ‘the normal value shall normally be based on the prices paid or payable, in the ordinary course of trade, by customers in the exporting country’. 143 As the Court of Justice has pointed out, it is apparent from both the wording and the scheme of the first subparagraph of 2( …

… and consequent infringement of 2(4) of that regulation and of the introductory part of 2(10) thereof. …

… meaning of 2(10) of that regulation. …

… According to the terms of that provision, the procedures to which it applies must be established ‘within the framework of [the] national legislation’ of the parties to that convention, with the national legislature, in particular, having to decide whether it intends to provide the possibility of access to a review procedure ‘before a court of law and/or another and body established by law’. …

… Each Party shall, within the framework of its national legislation, ensure that members of the public concerned (a) having a sufficient interest or, alternatively, (b) maintaining impairment of a right, where the administrative procedural law of a Party requires this as a precondition, have access to a review procedure before a court of law and/or another and body established by law, to challenge the substantive and procedural legality of any decision, act or omission subject …

… The first plea, alleging errors of law in respect of 9(2) and (3) of the Aarhus Convention and of 2(1)(f) and (g) and 10 of the Aarhus Regulation and an error of assessment in so far as the Commission rejected as inadmissible the grounds of section IV of the request for internal review 26 In support of the first plea, the applicants rely, in essence, on three parts, alleging, first, infringement of 2(1)(f) and (g) and 10 of the Aarhus Regulation, secondly, …

… 12(1), before a competent judicial or administrative authority or a competent body composed of members who are and who enjoy safeguards of .’ …

… (8) Must 267 TFEU, the second and third subparagraphs of 4(3) and the second subparagraph of 19(1) TEU and of the , read in the light of the principle of the primacy of EU law, and in conjunction with 41, 51(1) and 52(1) of the as well as with 5, 11(2), 12(1) and 13 of Directive [2008/115] - having regard to recitals 6 and 24 and 1 of that directive - be interpreted as precluding the …

… (4) If the answer is in the affirmative, what precisely must be understood by the “essence” of the confidential grounds on which that decision is based, having regard to 41 and of the ?’ …

… of 214 thereof. …

… However, 212(a) of the 2012 Financial Regulation provided, inter alia, that 53 and 53d of the 2002 Financial Regulation were to continue to apply to all commitments made up to 31 December 2013. 7 53 of the 2002 Financial Regulation provided: ‘The Commission shall implement the budget in accordance with the provisions set out in 53a to 53d in any of the following ways: (a) on a centralised basis; (b) by shared or decentralised management; (c) by joint management …

… with international organisations.’ 8 53d of that regulation provided: ‘1. …

… 19(1) TEU and to of the . …

… , the referring court does not set out with sufficient clarity and precision the reasons why it considers that the compatibility of 2 of Law No 280/2003 with 6 TEU, read in the light of to 49 of the , should be examined. …

… Second and third questions referred in Cases C-424/24 and C-425/24 42 By its second and third questions in the present joined cases, the referring court asks, in essence, whether EU law, and, more specifically, 6 and the second subparagraph of 19(1) TEU, 45, 49, 56, 101 and 102 TFEU and of the , read in the light of 48 and 49 of the , must be interpreted as precluding national legislation, as interpreted by the national courts having jurisdiction …