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… and tribunal established by law. …’ Law of the European Union (‘EU law’) 4 of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, proclaimed at Nice on 7 December 2000 (OJ 2000 C 364, p. 1), as adjusted at Strasbourg on 12 December 2007 (OJ 2007 C 303, p. 1), which is entitled ‘Right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial’, provides: ‘Everyone whose rights and freedoms guaranteed by the law of the Union are violated has the right to an effective remedy before a tribunal …

… Everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and tribunal previously established by law. Everyone shall have the possibility of being advised, defended and represented. …

… in compliance with the conditions laid down in this . …

… and tribunal established by law. 178 As a general principle of Community law, such a right is applicable in the context of proceedings brought against a Commission decision (Baustahlgewebe v Commission, paragraph 21, and Joined Cases C-341/06 P and C-342/06 P Chronopost and La Poste v UFEX and Others [2008] ECR I-0000, paragraph 45). 179 That right has, moreover, been reaffirmed in of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. …

… law have been complied with (Baustahlgewebe v Commission, paragraph 19, and Case C-13/99 P TEAM v Commission [2000] ECR I-4671, paragraph 36). 177 With respect to the irregularity relied on in the present plea, Article 6(1) of the European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms provides that, in the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an …

… In examining the second ground of appeal, high relevance must be attached to the provision made in 6(1) of the ECHR, according to which, in the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and tribunal established by law. That fundamental right has taken on a similar form in of the of Fundamental Rights. 57. …

… I infer from those two provisions that the right to a fair trial enshrined therein and recognised in the case-law of the Court of Justice (12) necessarily includes the guarantee of an and tribunal. …

… of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms (Constitutional Act no. 2/1993) 46.   11 § 4 provides that expropriation or other forcible limitation of ownership rights is possible only in the public interest and on the basis of law, and against compensation. .  Under 36 § 1 anyone may assert his or her rights under a set procedure before an and tribunal, and in specified cases before another organ. …

… However, the review of decisions affecting the fundamental rights and freedoms listed in the may not be excluded from the jurisdiction of the courts. Paragraph 3 provides that everybody is entitled to compensation for damage caused to him or her by an unlawful decision of a court, another organ of the State or the public authorities, or by maladministration. Under paragraph 4, the conditions and detailed provisions in this respect are determined by statute. 48.   …

… The right to an and tribunal constitutes such a fundamental right. Individuals are entitled to effective judicial protection of the rights they derive from the Community legal order. That entitlement is also enshrined in 6 and 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Article of the EU of Fundamental Rights. …

… . - Findings of the Court 181 Observance of all persons’ right to a hearing before an and tribunal is guaranteed by 6(1) of the Convention, to which reference is made by Article 6(2) of the Treaty on European Union and which was reaffirmed by the second paragraph of Article of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. 182 As an integral part of the fundamental rights protected in the Community legal order, compliance with which by the Commission in …

… That fundamental right has taken on a similar form in of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (43) according to which everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and tribunal previously established by law. …

… In order to answer the first question, it is relevant to begin with the provisions of 6(1) of the ECHR according to which, in the determination of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and tribunal established by law. …

… They read as follows (extract): “The second paragraph [of ] corresponds to Article 6(1) of the ECHR which reads as follows: ‘In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and tribunal established by law. …

… of the of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, proclaimed on 7 December 2000, on the right to an effective remedy and a fair trial, provides: “Everyone whose rights and freedoms guaranteed by the law of the Union are violated has the right to an effective remedy before a tribunal in compliance with the conditions laid down in this . …

… Everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and tribunal previously established by law. Everyone shall have the possibility of being advised, defended and represented. Legal aid shall be made available to those who lack sufficient resources in so far as such aid is necessary to ensure effective access to justice.” 30. …

… A feature common to 6 of the ECHR and of the Fundamental Rights is that legal protection must be guaranteed by an and court or tribunal established by law and also operating publicly in accordance with fair procedure. 87. …

… With regard, now, to the characteristics of and following from 6 of the ECHR in conjunction with of the Fundamental Rights , one must, it seems, proceed, according to the submissions of the parties to the present proceedings, on the basis that the Queen's Counsel featuring on the lists described provide every guarantee as to their . …

… The first and second paragraphs of of the provide as follows: ‘Everyone whose rights and freedoms guaranteed by the law of the Union are violated has the right to an effective remedy before a tribunal in compliance with the conditions laid down in this . Everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and tribunal previously established by law. …’ 81. …