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… In the determination of... any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and by . ... ... 3. Everyone charged with a criminal offence has the following minimum rights: ... (d) to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him; ...” A. Admissibility 1. …

… Relying on Article 6 of the Convention the applicant complained that the criminal proceedings against him had been unfair, that there had been numerous procedural shortcomings in the manner the forensic evidence had been obtained and examined, that the courts failed to examine the video evidence, refused to examine witnesses on the applicant’s behalf and arbitrarily applied domestic criminal . The relevant parts of Article 6 of the Convention read as follows: “1. …

… In the determination of ... any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing ... by an and by .” 116. The Government argued that the process of examining the applicant was entirely removed from any criminal investigation. …

… In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and by ... ... 3. Everyone charged with a criminal offence has the following minimum rights: ... …

… an and by . …’ European Union law 5 Recital 16 of Directive 2016/343 is worded as follows: ‘The presumption of innocence would be violated if public statements made by public authorities, or judicial decisions other than those on guilt, referred to a suspect or an accused person as being guilty, for as long as that person has not been proved guilty according to law. …

… Everyone who is deprived of his liberty by arrest or detention shall be entitled to take proceedings by which the of his detention shall be decided speedily by a court and his release ordered if the detention is not . …’ 4 Article 6 of the Convention, entitled ‘Right to a fair trial’, states in paragraph 1: ‘In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by …

… and by . ...” …

… THE I. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 6 § 1 OF THE CONVENTION 14. …

… The applicant complained that the Bălţi Court of Appeal’s decision to quash the judgment of 18 December 2009, which was in his favour, following an appeal which had been lodged out of time, had breached his right to a fair trial under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention, which reads, in so far as relevant, as follows: “In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an …

… In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and by . ...” 19.  The Government contested that argument. A.  The parties’ submissions 20.   …

… The applicant complained that Ch. had exerted undue pressure on the jury in contravention of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention, which, in so far as relevant, reads as follows: “In the determination of ... any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair ... hearing ... by an and by .” 18. …

… THE I. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 6 OF THE CONVENTION 20. The applicant complained of a number of violations of Article 6 of the Convention, which reads, in so far as relevant: “1. In the determination of... any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and by ... ... 3. …

… Everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and previously by . Everyone shall have the possibility of being advised, defended and represented. …’ 6 The Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights (OJ 2007 C 303, p. 17) state that the first paragraph of Article 47 thereof is based on Article 13 of the ECHR. …

… Legal context International 3 Article 6(1) of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, signed in Rome on 4 November 1950 (‘the ECHR’), provides: ‘In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and by …’. 4 Under Article 41 of the ECHR: ‘If the Court finds that there has been …

… European Union The Charter 5 Title VI of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the Charter’), headed ‘Justice’, includes Article 47, entitled ‘Right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial’, which states: ‘Everyone whose rights and freedoms guaranteed by the of the Union are violated has the right to an effective remedy before a in compliance with the conditions laid down in this Article. …

… ., everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an and by . ...” Furthermore, relying on Article 1 of Protocol No. 1, he complained, in essence, about his personal liability for a debt of L.E. That Article provides: “Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. …

… THE 57. The applicant complained that the failure to serve on him personally the decisions rendered in the strike-off proceedings against company L.E. had amounted to a violation of his right of access to a court under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention. …