… The relevant part of Article 6 § 1 reads as follows:
“In the determination of his civil rights and obligations ... everyone is entitled to a fair ... hearing ... by an
independent
and
impartial
tribunal
established
by
law
.”
Admissibility
23. The Court notes that this complaint is neither manifestly ill-founded nor inadmissible on any other grounds listed in Article 35 of the Convention. It must therefore be declared admissible.
Merits
24. …
… Where doubts exist as to the
impartiality
of the judge, the higher court may remit the case for a fresh examination to a different judicial formation of the relevant lower court.
THE
LAW
ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 6 § 1 OF THE CONVENTION
22. The applicant complained under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention that Judge A., when considering his case in the appellate court proceedings, had been biased. …