… The applicant complained of a violation of his right to an
impartial
tribunal
, as guaranteed by Article 6 § 1 of the Convention, alleging that the Court of Appeal had lacked
impartiality
in the light of the involvement of judge X. Article 6 § 1 of the Convention, insofar as relevant, reads as follows:
“In the determination of ... any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair ... hearing ... by an
independent
and
impartial
tribunal
established
by
law
.”
51. …